CIMSA Writing Program - Health

(1st article in CIMSA Writing Program - It's your time to write! )

ditulis oleh:

Adelia Ulya Rachman, Aisha Rahmantya, Febrina Sibarani, dan Natasha Prameswari

Definisi kesehatan berbeda bagi setiap orang. Beberapa mendefinisikan kesehatan sebagai suatu kondisi di mana seseorang bebas dari penyakit maupun kecacatan secara fisik. Namun definisi kesehatan menurut WHO tidak hanya mencakup kondisi tersebut, tetapi keseluruhan kondisi di mana seseorang bebas dari cacat fisik, mental, juga bebas dari tekanan pada kehidupan sosialnya. Definisi ini menghasilkan suatu dimensi baru dalam memahami faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan, di mana dahulu kesehatan dianggap hanya dipengaruhi oleh paparan bakteri, virus, maupun bahaya fisik lainnya, menjadi turut dipengaruhi pula oleh faktor-faktor sosial seperti faktor ekonomi, pendidikan, kesetaraan HAM, dan agama.

Indonesia merupakan negara yang menjunjung tinggi masalah agama. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari fakta bahwa ayat pertama dalam ideologi bangsa adalah Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa. Terbukti di masyarakat, agama telah memainkan peran utama dalam kehidupan mereka. Agama memiliki norma-norma yang harus dipatuhi, praktik-praktik keagamaan, dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang kemudian menghasilkan budaya dan tradisi yang melekat erat pada kehidupan suatu masyarakat sehingga menjadi kepribadian masyarakat tersebut.

Dalam pemahaman yang ekstrem tekstual, terdapat opini yang menyatakan bahwa masalah kesehatan berbeda dengan masalah agama sehingga masalah kegiatan keagamaan tidak perlu dikaji dari sisi kesehatan. Namun, berdasarkan fakta-fakta di atas, ditambah dengan suatu pemikiran sosiologis yaitu all for health, dapat dilihat dengan jelas bahwa setiap aspek kehidupan manusia mengandung aspek-aspek kesehatan, termasuk kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan.

Pengkajian aspek-aspek kesehatan dalam agama memiliki dua hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Pertama, ajaran agama secara normative (das sein). Kedua, adanya perilaku keagamaan yang rill atau tampak dan dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan pemilahan pemikiran ini, maka dapat dikemukakan bahwa pada sisi normatif, agama memberikan ajaran atau panduan tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan, sedangkan dari sisi perilaku nyata, dapat ditemukan pula penganut agama yang tidak memerhatikan aspek kesehatan.

Read more: Religion and Health

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Bagaimana cara berkontribusi ?

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Search 'SCORA CIMSA' pada Facebook kemudian 'Like' Fanpage nya, dan 'Like' Photo yang kalian suka! yuk mari semua ikutan pilih. Akan ada hadiah untuk lokal yang menang ! Jangan sampai kelewatan ya :)

by: Sulaeman Andrianto Susilo (National Officer on Reproductive Health Including HIV and AIDS, CIMSA 2011-2012)

One of these days I found an old book published by WHO in the year of 1977 titled Global Strategy Health for All by 2000. As I kept reading the book, there were a lot of questions I could not answer. This is 2011 and I don’t feel like anything closer to health for all.

From 1977 to 2011, if we talk about human being, I believe they has grown up to be an adult right now. I was only born in 1989 and now I’m a university student. So let’s imagine if this Global Strategy proposed by WHO was a human being, he would be 12 years older than me. He probably graduated from medical school, then continue to study cardiology and he’s a cardiologist right now. 34 years is a long time. However he might be raised in a poor neighborhood. His dad was a drunkard and his mom left him since he was age 2. He never finished high school and his main job is drug dealer. One day police caught him and now he’s imprisoned. 34 years is a long time. Everything can changes in 34 years, changes to be better or change to be worse.

One of the major changes in the world during 34 years are their population. From 1975 to 2000, the population in South East Asia Region has increased 61%. It means by the year of 2000 country in South East Asia region should have increased every public facilities, food, housing, clean water, and etc to accommodate the 61% increasing.¹ Failure to provide them might contribute a new population problem which can lead to away from achieving health for all by 2000. How can a country provide health for all if it cannot contend people’s basic need?

The other population problem which needs to be focused on is the changing population proportion. Population who are less than 15 years has declined 8% from the 1975-2000 while population aged 65 years and above has increased 1,2% in south east Asia.¹ This proportion changing can be expected to shift the health problem from communicable disease to non communicable diseases (NCDs).  Of the 57 million global deaths in 2008, 63% were due to NCDs. Indeed, it is one of the barriers to achieve health for all.

When WHO proposed health for all by 2000 in 1977, they dreamed to have health issue to be integrated with other policy such as, economy. However until today, the year of 2011 the problem to seek for health care in every country is still the same with 34 years ago, hard cash. Primary health care which has been declared as the fundamental health care in Alma Ata declaration in the year of 1978 has only done a half of its job. Why half? Because most of primary health care are lack of facilities. In a study done by Gadallah et al., about patient satisfaction with primary health care in Egypt shows that patient satisfaction is high for accessibility, waiting area conditions and performance of doctors and nurses while availability of prescribed drugs, laboratory investigations and privacy in the consultation room are unsatisfactory.² This is the core problem which later will keep us away from achieving health equity as one of Alma Ata declaration principle.

National Social Economy Survey held in Indonesia revealed that only 34% of sick people will seek help to primary health care while 25% will directly go to doctor practice, 10% to hospital (public and private), and the rest (31%) to non medical practice. This data shows that primary health care still not the choice of most people. There are still a lot of people who still seek help to non medical treatment for their diseases. The inequity is there.

Read more: Act on Social Determinants of Health

Hai
teman-teman CIMSA semua! Kali ini kalian diminta untuk mengisi
kuesioner tentang resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Seberapa tahukah
kalian mengenai penggunaan antibiotik? Nah! yuk diiisi, kalian akan
tahu nantinya apakah kalian benar-benar memahami tentang penggunaan
antibiotik atau masih perlu banyak mencari tahu lagi.

Sekarang silahkan kalian klik pada gambar di bawah ini dan akan terbuka form kuesionernya. Selamat mengisi !